![]() Those worn by the United States Army's general officers had a golden cord around it, whereas other commissioned officers had a golden-and-black campaign cord around their hat. Through the World War I era, the campaign hat worn by American soldiers was fairly soft. infantry troops during the Pancho Villa Expedition of 1916 Many campaign hats are in evidence among U.S. Many soldiers again reshaped the crown to form a pinched "Montana peak." The army officially adopted the peaked design on 8 September 1911 as "1911 Hat, Service, M1911 (Campaign Hat.)" Ī few years later, during the Spanish–American War the standard central crease on the crown was again found to be impractical as it tended to hold the rainwater from the frequent tropical downpours. The 1,200 Canadian troops serving under Baden-Powell were the first to wear the campaign hat as a part of their official uniform, and this very likely influenced Baden-Powell's decision to order 10,000 of the hats for the British troops. Three years later in 1896, these scouts introduced the hat to British officer Sir Robert Baden-Powell, who in turn would introduce it to the South African Constabulary and the Boy Scouts (see below). Some were worn with campaign cords mainly a form of decoration.Īt least as early as 1893, hats of this type were being re-creased into pointed tops, in order to keep off rain, by British South Africa Company scouts in Africa (see photo of Maurice Gifford at left). The name started to be used after the 1872–1876 regulations which introduced a black felt hat - which could be drab after 1883 - for fatigue use derived from the types popularized during the American Civil War. The origins of the hat can be traced to the 1840s when army troops posted in the west took to wearing civilian hats which were far more practical than the shakos or kepis then in vogue with most western armies. In this photo, Burnam is not wearing a peaked campaign-type hat, but his comrade Maurice Gifford (at right) is wearing an early one. The campaign hat also should not be confused with a slouch hat.įrederick Russell Burnham in Africa (middle) shown in 1893 working as a British South Africa Company scout, three years before meeting Baden-Powell and introducing Baden-Powell to the "scout" hat with a Montana crease. It should not be confused with the quite different Stetson hat type with a different brim and crease, commonly known as the cowboy hat, and which is more commonly meant by the term "Stetson" today. ![]() military drill instructors, state police forces, park rangers (and from them, their logo-cartoon and mascot Smokey Bear), Boy Scouts, and others.Īlthough the campaign hat is occasionally referred to as a Stetson, this is from its common manufacture in the late 19th century by that company. It is associated with the New Zealand Army, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, the World War I ground forces of the United States Army, contemporary U.S. Bomar in her park ranger uniform, showing the campaign hat with traditional Montana crease.Ī manual citrus juicer illustrating the ribbing which gave the name "lemon-squeezer" to campaign-hats with the most prominent creases.Ī campaign hat (also campaign cover, drill instructor cover, drill sergeant hat, lemon squeezer, Montana Peak, Mountie hat, ranger hat, sergeant hat, Scouts hat and Smokey Bear) is a broad-brimmed felt or straw hat, with a high crown, pinched symmetrically at the four corners (the "Montana crease").
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